When is a 45-degree approach used and why?

The use of a 45-degree approach in moderate conditions is employed to take wind off the bow, which aids in maintaining control and stability of the vessel. When approaching a dock or another vessel, positioning the ship at an angle relative to the wind reduces the effects of that wind on the craft, allowing for a more controlled maneuvering process. This approach can help in preventing the vessel from being affected too much by lateral forces caused by wind or current, enabling a more precise docking or mooring.

In moderate conditions, this strategy is particularly beneficial because it allows the crew to manage the vessel's heading and speed effectively while mitigating any potential impacts from environmental factors. Having the wind at an angle instead of directly on the bow helps maintain better handling characteristics, essential for ensuring safety and efficiency during the approach.